What is culture?
One of the two or three most complex words. A particular way of life. Intellectual and especially artistic significance. "Raymond Williams"
Marks concept of base
Base. Forces of production - materials / workers skills is the central base of modern culture.
The substructure is the idea of social institution - legal / politics.
If you change the base you change the way people think about the world.
Ideology
System of ideas if beliefs - beliefs and politics. Masking, distortion or selection of ideas to reinforce power relations, through creation of false consciousness.
Idea of popular is based on the inferior. Popular press bs quality press etc
Frankfurt School - critical theory
Institute of social research 1923-33
Closed with rise of hitlarrrr
Moved to new York 33-47 then 49 there on.
Reinterpretation of Marx for the 20th century - era of late capitalism.
Movies and radio need no longer pretend to be art. It's just business.
Qualities of authentic culture
Real
European
Multidimensional
Active consumption
Individual creation
Imagination
Negation
Autonomous
Conclusions
Tradition emerges from the mass culture which is seen as a threat to culture. Birmingham school starts to look at popular culture as a way forward to the working class.
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